Turgo turbine

The Turgo turbine is an impact turbine, like Pelton turbine , which is also a turbine that uses the kinetic energy of high-pressure jet water to do work. The water from the high-head reservoir is led to the turbine through a penstock pipe, and a high-speed water flow is ejected from the turbine nozzle,, rushing to the blades of the turbine runner, making the water turbine Rotation does work.

The Turgo turbine is suitable for small hydropower stations with a water head range of 20 to 300 meters and a power of less than 1000 kilowatts.

The working principle of the Turgo turbine

Figure 1 is the runner of the Turgo turbine with blades installed on the runner. The picture on the right is the working surface of the runner, and the picture on the left is the water outlet surface of the runner.  Figure 2. is the Sectional view of the blade.

figure 1

figure 2

Figure 3 is the water flow diagram of the Turgo turbine when it is working.
The high-speed jet water is sprayed on the vanes of the runner, and after the working face is turned back, it flows out from the water outlet edge, and the water flow transmits kinetic energy to the vanes and drives the runner to rotate. The jet of water is inclined at an angle to the plane of the inlet of the runner, and the water enters from one side of the runner and flows out from the other side, so it is called an oblique-impact turbine, also called Turgo turbine.

figure 3.

figure 4

The main structure of turgo turbine 

The basic structure of the Turgo turbine is the same as that of the Pelton turbine. Figure 5 is the outside view of a Turgo turbine. It is mainly composed of casing (machine base), runner (in the casing), nozzle (in the casing), injection mechanism, water inlet pipe, and concrete foundation (machine pier).

figure 5.

figure 6.

Figure 7 is a sectional view of this Turgo turbine, with the casing and concrete foundation (pier) cut open. In this figure, the runner, nozzle and deflector can be seen. There are tailwater channels and water outlets in the concrete foundation. The spray needle drive of this model adopts both electric and manual modes, Some power stations with a high degree of automation can adopt electro-hydraulic control speed governor.

figure 7.

The nozzles jet mechanism of the Turgo type water turbine is the same as that of the Pelton water turbine, and the functions of the spray needle and the deflector are the same.

nozzles jet mechanism
The jet mechanism, abbreviated as the nozzle, mainly consists of a nozzle, a needle, and a needle movement mechanism. By moving the needle within the nozzle, the size of the nozzle outlet is changed, thereby altering the water flow rate of the nozzle to achieve a change in the power of the turbine. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the injection mechanism. In the figure, the needle retracts into the pipe, and the nozzle is in an open state.

 fogure 9.

Deflector mechanism

A deflector is set in front of the nozzle. During normal operation, the deflector is raised and does not interfere with the water flow emitted by the nozzle. The water turbine operates normally. When the deflector is lowered, the water flow emitted by the nozzle is blocked by the deflector and flows downward at the outlet. The water turbine stops operating. The deflector can turn to the blocking position within 1 to 2 seconds.